1 Temmuz 2014 Salı

Uganda"s tobacco laws could see farmers" livelihoods go up in smoke | Alon Mwesigwa

MDG : Uganda tobacco bill : Okippi prunes his tobacco garden

Fred Okippi, a lifelong tobacco grower, prunes his backyard in Kiryandongo, northern Uganda. Photograph: Alon Mwesigwa for the Guardian




Fred Okippi’s 5-acre backyard is a lush emerald area of tobacco. Dressed in a black T-shirt and red hat, he delicately bends stems as he weaves his way by way of the plants, carefully pruning undesirable leaves. “This [tobacco] is my future,” he says from his house in Uganda’s western district of Kiryandongo.


But that future is under risk. The government desires to pass a bill that will restrict the manufacture and sale of tobacco and inspire folks to give up smoking.


“If the government desires to ban tobacco use, then we are going to suffer,” Okippi says. “Exactly where are we going to get income to educate our youngsters?”


All Okippi’s neighbours in Lamuorungur village grow tobacco. “Our mother and father grew tobacco and we took on the trade after their death, says Onen Can, Okippi’s neighbour, who has about seven acres.


Can, 56, and Okippi, fifty five, have grown tobacco all their lives. They do not realize how their government can contemplate enacting a law that could threaten farming the crop. Other crops such as maize are not as worthwhile as tobacco, they say.


Last yr, Okippi says, a kilogramme of tobacco was purchased for four,000 Ugandan shillings (UShs), or $ 1.60, even though that of maize went for just UShs750 ($ .thirty).


There are an estimated 75,000 tobacco farmers in Uganda. The crop, a massive earner for Uganda, is widely grown in Arua, Kanungu, Koboko, Kiryandongo, and Masindi districts. In 2011, the government earned Shs87.5bn ($ 37.7m) in taxes from tobacco, producing it 1 of the country’s leading ten income sources.


The tobacco management bill was tabled in March by Chris Baryomunsi MP. The bill will restrict the growing, promoting, and marketing of the crop. Baryomunsi explained farmers, who quickly denounced the bill, had benefited tiny from decades of tobacco farming and a lot of still live in excessive poverty.


A 2012 survey by Platform for Labour Action (PLA), a Kampala-based mostly NGO, identified that most young children in houses expanding tobacco missed half of their schooling for the duration of planting and harvesting seasons.


Neither Okippi nor Can has managed to create a long lasting home – both reside in grass-thatched huts. Sometimes, they struggle to afford a single meal a day. But, they say their kids are ready to go to school due to the fact of the cash earned from tobacco.


Baryomunsi, a qualified medical professional, says the bill seeks to protect Ugandans from conditions such as cancer. It has acquired huge help from the healthcare fraternity.


The bill, expected to be passed into law this year, seeks to prohibit smoking within a hundred metres of any public spot, workplace, and on public transport. It bans tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship.


Dr Sheila Ndyanabangi, a tobacco control focal particular person at Uganda’s wellness ministry, explained tobacco had no benefit other than straining the well being technique.


“Tobacco kills,” she mentioned. “We want to make it incredibly hard for 1 to locate or smoke a cigarette. “At the Uganda Cancer Institute, we followed the history of most sufferers diagnosed with lung cancer, cancer of the mouth, throat and oesophagus and located they had been smoking.”


The well being minister, Ruhakana Rugunda, has called for larger taxes on tobacco merchandise to put the value of cigarettes out of reach for a lot of people. He explained it would also decrease the uptake and use of tobacco products by young folks.


Okippi is aware of the link in between tobacco and cancer, but is among the 15% of Ugandans who smoke. “I hear that tobacco causes cancer, but I have not acquired any dilemma,” says Okippi, his smile revealing a mouthful of discoloured teeth.


Uganda’s Mulago nationwide referral hospital in Kampala says 75% of the oral cancer patients it has taken care of had a background of tobacco use, with the variety of many years they had invested smoking ranging from two to 33, in accordance to a 2008 review by Fredrick Musoke, an academic at Makerere University, Kampala.


The Centre for Tobacco Management Africa says 13,500 Ugandans die yearly as a end result of tobacco use. The World Well being Organisation estimates 5 million men and women die globally every single year.


Although Kenya and Tanzania, Uganda’s neighbours, have tobacco laws, Ugandan traders remain unconvinced about equivalent strategies for their nation. Many describe the bill as draconian. If passed, they say, it would not only hamper their profits, but also harm the economy.


Everest Kayondo, chairman of Kampala City Traders’ Association, explained: “If individuals have invested their funds, then they should be given a favourable surroundings to promote it.”


In a statement, tobacco-generating companies in the country – which involves British American Tobacco, Ugandan Tobacco Solutions Ltd, and Continental Tobacco, stated: “The law need to make a distinction in between the goods sought to be regulated and the person corporate entity that enjoys fundamental rights and freedoms. The law need to not seek out to ban legitimate trade activities.”


To farmers Okippi and Can, the law is practically nothing but a way to deny them daily revenue.




Uganda"s tobacco laws could see farmers" livelihoods go up in smoke | Alon Mwesigwa

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