I have seen Britain shrouded in darkness before. Better times will come | Harry Leslie Smith

Hope is hard to find in the grey teatime light of this December, because despite all of the holiday cheer around us, darkness gathers. It has been the hardest, saddest and cruellest of years – a sour vintage which has brought to everyone’s doorstep heartache, financial worries and political unease.

Austerity seems eternal, and for many it is as if they are living within a new circle added to Dante’s inferno for the 21st century. Callous and barbarous wars in Yemen and Syria test our faith in humanity, while the unstoppable refugee crisis it produced makes us want to weep in despair for the decrepitude of our civilisation.

Hope is as absent from society today as cash is to a pauper’s wallet because a noxious populism fuelled by hate now smoulders. Everywhere we turn it feels like optimism has been eclipsed by a world we don’t want to recognise as our own. Despair is in the breath of our words because we are frightened.

But as my life has been long, I have seen Britain up against the setting sun of history before. I witnessed our country on its knees from the Great Depression; with its back to the wall and under threat of invasion by the Nazis. Over my nine decades of life, I’ve known despair but never hopelessness.

My hope for a better tomorrow for everyone in our country doesn’t come from our military victories against fascism. It doesn’t come from Churchill’s defiance or the words of present-day politicians. No: the source of hope that has carried me through decades of existence comes from the collective will of my generation in 1945 to beat our swords into ploughshares and harvest a just society through the erection of the welfare state.

My hope has always come from the humanity, kindness and intelligence that inhabits the majority of people who reside on our shores. It may seem dormant now, but it will rise again because those sparks of decency that built the NHS, gave affordable housing to each and every one of us, and provided free education to all, are in each Briton alive today – because you are the children and the grandchildren of my generation. If we did it before, then we can do it again.

The 1945 general election was called after our long and brutal war with Germany. It would decide whether our country would cling to its feudal past or accept a bold egalitarian future. I was 22, a member of the allied occupation force and stationed in Hamburg. And it was there that I cast my ballot for the first time – and it’s been a love affair with democracy ever since.

On the day I voted in that occupied city, which looked more worse for wear than Aleppo does now, sorrow could be found on every street corner because of a dead tyrant’s madness. While I queued to vote, I remember how conscious I was of both what I had endured as a boy and teenager during the Great Depression and what I’d witnessed during the war. I felt by making my mark and voting for a welfare state, I was declaring to my country, my peers and those that did not live to see that election day, that my destiny mattered regardless of my humble station in life. The hope that has kept me going all these years came from that election, when ordinary people said their lives mattered just as much as any elite class.

I have seen Britain shrouded in darkness before. Better times will come | Harry Leslie Smith

"Mental health is not only about darkness and depression"

It was James Routledge’s own battle with anxiety while winding down his first startup that led him to launch Sanctus. He was also experiencing stress, panic attacks and sleepless nights, but didn’t feel he could confide in his new colleagues. “I didn’t talk about it, I didn’t want to admit weakness or vulnerability,” he says.

Through Sanctus, Routledge offers coaching sessions to businesses to help them improve their approach to mental health. In a small business environment, he says it’s the founders who must set the precedent. “Create a culture where vulnerability is accepted and it’s OK for people to say: ‘I’m not feeling so good, this didn’t go so well or I’m feeling a little bit stressed.’ Mental health is not only about the darkness and depression, that’s like only talking about obesity and disease in physical health.”

A report from Business in the Community (BITC) found that mental health is still shrouded in a culture of silence and stigma in UK workplaces. Of the 20,000 people surveyed, three in four said they had experienced symptoms of poor mental health at some point in their lives.

Only 11% of workers had recently discussed mental health with their line manager

At that scale, the impact on business is, unsurprisingly, significant: the estimated total cost to employers is £26bn per year, according to the Centre for Mental Health. But its research shows that £8bn of that could be saved by employers taking simple steps to manage mental health in the workplace.

The BITC report reveals a clear discrepancy between how workers and business leaders think the issue is handled: 60% of board members felt their organisation dealt well with mental health, but only 11% of workers had recently discussed mental health with their line manager. So why are employees keeping their difficulties hidden?

“I think there’s a perception that someone with mental health issues is weak and that they will use it to not work,” says Natalie Weaving, director at digital marketing agency, The Typeface Group. Weaving heads up a small team of three employees and three contractors. Among them is copywriter Shannon Valentine, who is 20. Valentine has mental health conditions including anxiety, depression and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), but, unlike many others, she regularly talks to her boss about her mental health.

Valentine told Weaving about her mental health conditions after a few weeks in the job. Valentine was coming off antidepressants and was experiencing physical side effects. She says that Weaving noticed and guessed the cause. “I have a tendency to worry about silly things, which she noticed too,” Valentine says. Now she feels comfortable discussing it in the office and says practical changes, such as flexible hours, are a great help.

Today, if Valentine is going through a rough patch, she and Weaving agree on one of her preferred coping mechanisms, whether that’s taking the day off and making up the time at a later date, or simply going for a walk. “Working with Shannon has really opened our eyes,” Weaving adds.

It should be noted that under the Equality Act 2010, employers can’t ask a candidate about their health until they have offered them a job. However, managers need to be open about mental health if they are to effectively support staff, says Madeleine McGivern, head of workplace wellbeing programmes at mental health charity Mind. “When someone starts in a role [it’s a good idea to have] a conversation about what keeps them well at work and what signs to look out for if they’re doing less well, so that people can step in early [to help]”.

Encouraging all staff to talk about their mental health works well for Stuart Gray. He owns four small businesses based in Warwick, including Portus Consulting, all of which are in the employee benefits industry. The number of staff in his businesses range from 12 to 45. During regular one-to-one meetings, line managers in Gray’s businesses ask staff how stressed work is making them feel on a scale of one to 10.

“It’s about trying to get them to open up,” Gray adds. If a staff member feels stressed at a level of seven or above then the manager will try to get to the bottom of why that is and see if their workload needs to be lightened.

Additionally, Gray’s management team aims to pick up any clues that an employee might be experiencing mental health difficulties, from a lack of engagement to a long-term change in mood. His line managers have taken part in training to help them spot mental health conditions in staff.

Developing this awareness helped Gray’s managers identify that a senior member of staff had depression. “They were quite emotional on occasion, particularly if it was a really busy day and there was pressure on a deadline. My CEO explored the situation and it wasn’t work that was the problem, it was stuff that was happening outside that was affecting their ability to work effectively and cope with that.” Due to the size of the business, and an insurance policy that covers days lost to ill health, Gray was able to support the staff member with around three weeks of paid leave. He adds that all company projects are a team effort, and other staff were able to pick up the work that was left behind.

McGivern says that providing support doesn’t need to be costly. It’s most important that there’s a culture of communication, she says. She does suggest investing in training for staff, through programmes such as Mental Health First Aid (for which course costs can range from £77 to £300 per person) to teach people how to identify, understand and help a person who may be developing a mental health issue.

Simple adjustments to workplace culture such as approving flexible hours, making sure staff take their breaks and encouraging them to get involved in decision-making and planning their own workload as much as possible can all help better support the team, no matter the size of the organisation. “You don’t need to have an HR department to support someone with a mental health issue, but you do need to have line managers who are aware of mental health problems,” McGivern adds.

“It’s a bit of a misnomer that people who have mental health problems can’t function in fast-paced or stressful environments. In fact, a lot of people, with or without mental health problems, thrive in those environments because small amounts of stress can heighten our performance. It’s just about giving people support.”

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"Mental health is not only about darkness and depression"